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Sodium metabisulfite is a chemical compound commonly used as a food preservative, antioxidant, and disinfectant. It has several effects, including:

1. Antioxidant: Sodium metabisulfite acts as an antioxidant by preventing the oxidation of food and beverages. It inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, thereby extending the shelf life of products.

2. Preservative: It is commonly used in the preservation of fruits and vegetables to prevent browning and spoilage. It inhibits the enzymatic browning reaction by interfering with the activity of polyphenol oxidase, an enzyme responsible for browning.

3. Disinfectant: Sodium metabisulfite has antimicrobial properties and can be used as a disinfectant. It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

4. Allergenic potential: Some individuals may be allergic to sodium metabisulfite. It can cause allergic reactions such as skin rashes, itching, hives, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.

5. Respiratory irritation: Inhalation of sodium metabisulfite can irritate the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions may be more susceptible to these effects.

6. Sensitivity to sulfites: Some individuals may be sensitive to sulfites, including sodium metabisulfite. This sensitivity can cause symptoms such as headaches, flushing, rapid heartbeat, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

It is important to note that the effects of sodium metabisulfite can vary depending on the individual's sensitivity and the concentration of the compound. It is generally recognized as safe for consumption at appropriate levels, but individuals with known sensitivities or allergies should avoid products containing sodium metabisulfite.