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Fmoc-L-Ile-OH, also known as N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-isoleucine, is a derivative of the amino acid isoleucine that is widely used in peptide synthesis and protein analysis. It is a protected form of L-isoleucine, meaning that it has a protective group attached to one of its functional groups to prevent unwanted reactions during peptide assembly.One of the main effects of using Fmoc-L-Ile-OH in peptide synthesis is its ability to protect the amino group of isoleucine. The fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group is typically attached to the amino group, making it temporarily unreactive. This allows for selective reaction with other amino acids when building a peptide chain. Once the desired sequence is formed, the Fmoc group can be easily removed to expose the free amino group for further reactions or analysis.Another effect of using Fmoc-L-Ile-OH is its compatibility with solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) techniques. In SPPS, peptides are synthesized on a solid support, usually a resin, which allows for efficient purification of the desired products. Fmoc-L-Ile-OH can be easily coupled with other protected amino acids on a solid support using standard peptide synthesis protocols. Its compatibility with SPPS makes it a popular building block for the synthesis of peptides and peptidomimetics with isoleucine residues.Furthermore, Fmoc-L-Ile-OH offers stability during peptide synthesis and purification processes. The Fmoc group provides protection against unwanted side reactions, such as racemization or aggregation, that can occur during peptide synthesis. It also aids in the purification process, as the Fmoc group can be easily removed by treatment with a suitable base, leaving behind a pure, unmodified peptide product.In addition to peptide synthesis, Fmoc-L-Ile-OH is also used in peptide analysis and characterization techniques. It can be incorporated into peptides for functional assays and structure-activity relationship studies. Its presence allows for easy detection and quantification of the peptide by analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry.In summary, Fmoc-L-Ile-OH is a versatile building block in peptide synthesis, providing protection and stability during the assembly of peptide chains. Its compatibility with SPPS techniques and ease of removal make it a valuable tool for the synthesis and analysis of peptides and peptidomimetics containing isoleucine residues.